Tumor cell mutations earliest stem cells: stem cells with TSC have similar biological characteristics of unlimited proliferation, simply mutation excessive proliferation ability, can be transformed into tumors; score of the cells of the stem cells periodically update soon, long life, accumulate mutations more easily . The stem cells are target mutation.

Surface markers that TSC derived from adult stem cells: hematopoietic stem cell research progress to leukemia stem cell separation and surface markers was measured early start. The current study found that almost leukemia stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells is consistent both CD34, such as acute monocytic leukemia (except acute promyelocytic leukemia) stem cells are of CD34, CD38?]. Leukemia cells [CD34 CD38-Thy-1-]. Acute myeloid leukemia cells frequent occurrence of chromosome translocation (8; 21), the formation of chimeric transcripts of AML1-ETO. Part of the stem cells still synthetic AML1-ETO fusion protein in the bone marrow of the patients in complete remission, but this is part of the stem cells and their progeny can not induce leukemia in vitro to differentiate into normal erythroid cell surface markers with normal hematopoietic stem cells is almost exactly the same for [of CD34 CD38-Thy-1]. Translocation occurred in the earliest normal hematopoietic stem cells, the mutation occurs in hematopoietic stem cell subsets or offspring, leading to the occurrence of leukemia. Different according to the mark of the leukemia stem cells with normal hematopoietic stem cells, mutations occur in about Thy-1 progenitor cells or loss of Thy-1 hematopoietic stem cells.

Other adult stem cell separation and surface marker study was not thorough enough, it is difficult to TSC and adult stem cell surface markers. Animal studies found that breast cancer stem cell marker CD44 in naive cells, progenitor cells or stem cells are often seen [7]; observation confirmed the 64 breast cancer patients, most of the patients with tumor cell phenotype and stem cell phenotype the same [CK8, 14, 18; Vi? mentin, EGFR]; brain tumor study showed that patients with a minor, TSC mark of CD133, musashi-1, of Sox2, melk and PSP, Bmi-1 and nestin, is fully consistent with the neural stem cells.

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